Native Americans:
During the 19th century, Native American tribes in the St. Louis area, including the Osage, Missouria, and Illiniwek, were forcibly removed from their ancestral lands through treaties and government policies. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 facilitated the removal of indigenous peoples from their traditional territories to lands west of the Mississippi River, leading to the displacement of many Native communities from the St. Louis region. Additionally, the expansion of white settlement and the encroachment of infrastructure projects further marginalized Native American communities in the area.

African Americans:
The history of African Americans in St. Louis is intertwined with the legacy of slavery, segregation, and urban renewal. St. Louis was a major hub for the slave trade in the 19th century, and many African Americans were brought to the city as enslaved laborers. Even after the abolition of slavery, discriminatory laws and practices, such as Jim Crow segregation and redlining, perpetuated racial segregation and limited economic opportunities for African Americans.

Today, the legacy of displacement and discrimination continues to affect Native and African American communities in St. Louis. Efforts to address these historical injustices include community activism, advocacy for equitable policies, and initiatives aimed at preserving cultural heritage and promoting social justice.